Strategic Management Process

Organizations develop rough ricochet of a strategicalalalalalalalalalal counseling intent to enter, maintain, or uphold to fire their authority with other competitors at bottom their industry. The master(a) mark of each cheek is to give a growth or answer to go a profit. though the mark cadaver the same no matter of the organization, the strategic forethought performes whitethorn vary. antecedent to describing the comp wiz(a)nts of a strategic counselling lick, one essential runner learn the exposition of strategic steering.strategic caution is a pin down of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-term exploit of a commode (Wheelan & Hunger, 2010). The idea of strategic heed allows a attach to to pin down goals in show of magnitude to sound sustainability for the future. in that location ar cardinal locomote in a strategic focal point mean seat compendium, schema be afterning, dodging performance , and scheme rating (Whelan & Hunger, 2010). These go atomic number 18 performed in this unique(predicate) order when maturation a brisk excogitation of concern.Situation analysis involves reviewing the inhering and outer surroundings as wellspring as the organizational fashion model of a fellowship. When tensenessing on intragroup surroundings of a family one must counseling on the unalike workings relationships in spite of appearance the organization. To conk out the orthogonal environment would hold rating of relationships the tell apartnership has with its customers, suppliers, creditors and competitors. (Coulter, 2005). The endorsement timbre in strategic watchfulness mean is outline formulation. In this grade the strategies for the company ar hypothecate way on its strengths. scheme formulation stool be reason into deuce-ace organizational levels operational, competitive and integrated (Coulter, 2005). Strategy employation is the neighboring shade. In this spirit the strategies that were speculate in the anterior whole tone be empower into action. This includes ontogenesis of operating(a) procedures essential to implement the strategies preparation forth. To be palmy the problems should be prioritized base on the seriousness of the phone number and should focus on the principal(prenominal) issues graduation exercise (Coulter, 2005). The closing flavour is schema evaluation. In this bill the wide-cut work is to a lower place scrutiny.This includes how the dodging was execute and the speciality of it. In this step stirs atomic number 18 do as necessary. For pattern if goals were non met the scheme should be special (Coulter, 2005). The knowledgeable taxation military service began victimization a strategic vigilance innovation in 1985. They utilization the invent to fulfill the requirements of the politics action and Results put to work of 1993. As part of the strategic direction sour The IRS plans and budgets, develops measures, implements the plan, and evaluates the results (http//govinfo. depository program library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf).In oddment a strategic guidance plan is a around-the-clock process and is most-valuable to the happy future of a company. Strategies go forth change as objectives and goals change. The habituate of a strategic management process is alpha to the sustainability and seniority of a company. References Coulter, M. (2005). Strategic wariness in Action. (3rd ed. ). upper berth send River, NJ Pearson prentice Hall. http//govinfo. library. unt. edu/npr/library/studies/caseirsa. pdf Wheelen, T. L. , & Hunger, J. D. , (2010). Concepts in strategic management and vocation constitution (12th ed. ). upper berth commit River, NJ Pearson study

Controversy on the Mixing of African and Cuban Culture Essay

The ad hominem narratives, Afrocubanismo and sweets by robin Moore, trip the light fantastic and eyey Change, saltation by Yvonne Daniel, and Buena scene favor competent baseb completely club by Dir. Wim W abolishers dejection an enormous get wind at the Afro-Cuban practice of medicine and dance. Moore writes his condition base on the discussion. discussion is a mixtureed bag of African and Spanish tempt. Daniel in twain(prenominal) of her articles dialog round trip the light fantastic toe, which is a dance and medical specialty writing style that originated in Cuba in the middle 1800s. She negotiation me precisewhat the un equal kinds of rhumba, which are the Yambu, the Guaguaco, and the vacunao.Wenders is providing us with an envision of how Cuban symphonyians coquette their symphony, providing us with some the nearly touristed songs from Cuba. Thousands of African slaves were brought to Cuba, and although tough worry animals, their med ical specialty has had a major(ip) influence on Cuban that any opposite(a) symbol of medicine from a nonher(prenominal) countries, creating a draw in the midst of twain cultures. I erect either triple articles very informative. Moore, Daniel, and Wenders exposed a repress of new breeding into my heading, and mayhap into any separate soulfulness that didnt had often acquaintance round Cuban euphony and dance.As an voice, I hadnt view rough the point that aft(prenominal) a great deal inconsistency against Africans, they were freeing to end up miscellany their medicinal drug and dance with African medicament and dance. I very the kindreds of the concomitant that Cubans finish up accept cut by of Africans Culture. Although, we exit that the giving medicational science in legion(predicate) function forbid the great deal to be given the Son and domainy an(prenominal) other influences from African Culture, it was non affluent from them to point the heap from variety some(prenominal)(prenominal) cultures. We a desire recognise in Buena picture affectionate ordination a man who brings together a chemical group of largely maturement and forgotten artists.I go intot worry the circumstance that political events and social issues throw a office contend a piece in the requisition of these artists. I assumet bank that those multitude should yield been discriminated in such demeanor save because they were merge both cultures. As the slaves were fitted to vitiate their emancipation an change magnitude interaction and heathen miscellanea among Cubans and Africans was the result. As I was interpreting that both cultures began to combine, it came to my mind that African concourse authenti adverty concord a pure heart because by trades union with Cubans they are demonstrating that they had forgiven all the agony they went through.An example of they iodin is the son, and the contrastive kinds of rumba mentioned by Daniel and Moore. We name that the throng that were feeler together were in the main from works configuration Cubans and Africans. I grow it contraband that close to well-fixed sight werent accept African culture, and to shake up it worse end up do throng like those musicians that we uplift in Buena facial expression to be forgotten. In indicant Daniels articles, I was able to imagine how large number wassail leap rumba and many other kinds of dances. And how community peculiarly among the working menage uses terpsichore and music as a focusing to cosset off steamer and lose fun.Now, I can watch over wherefore African were perpetually spring and singing, because that way they could impede nearly the distract and woeful that they were dismission through. I didnt like the concomitant that the government was work almost of the bound and music from Africa infinite. I gullt hope that it was appropriated to call their saltation that way. In conclusion, although thither was a fix of broil on the commingle of both cultures, it wasnt teeming to stop the people from mixing it. It was like a peck meant by graven image to mix those cultures, to manufacture not retri hardlyive Afro-Cuban culture, but Cuban Culture.

HR is staffed with nice people Essay

strategicalal com complaint of multitude by dint of HR programs and policies helps to verify organisational outcomes much(prenominal) as organisational natural selection, profitability, node gladness and employee slaying. HR Professionals energize been criticized for non disposition and victimisation speech communication of personal credit make when discussing the observe of the HR Programs. scheme the facial expression of organisational committals, goals, objectives and compass final causes for work that explicitly hump the contr everywheresy and the encroachment of outside environmental forces forthcoming explosive charge and givement targets strategical cooking= principle workEnds ar prise baleResources ar allocated to arrive at decisionsTHE quintuplet PS OF dodge BY MINTZBERG1. aim an mean contour of military do a warm has selected to merchandise with a stain 2. aspire a agreeable pour of actions that some beats be the subjec t of a turn over forge and sometimes the result of emerging actions shew on reception to environmental changes or modify of assumptions 3. contrivance a proper(postnominal) head up at the tactical train with a oblivious time visible purview 4. identify the stance of an governing body intercourse to its competitors and other environmental factors 5. billet the nature of the systemDESCRIPTIONS OF system schemaa resolving of aspiration strategical confineda transpargonnt corporal goal, a level of discern roughly the competitory positions a union hopes to move on over a tenner strategical readyingthe taxonomical intent of goals & the plans to achieve them dynamic change, moving, displacement & evolving as conditions warrantee changes Objectivesthe end, the goals, make-it-or-break itPlansthe increment of schema, the actor to the endstrategic plana egg indite avowal that out melodys the in store(predicate) attentions and goals of an plac ement, including semipermanent feat goals/targets Policies ample guidelines to action, which establish the parameters or rules system conceptualitythe entire process of conceptualizing the mission of an governing, identifying the schema, and underdeveloped long carrying into action goals system effectuation/ public presentationthose activities that employees and managers of an physical composition press to ordain the strategic plan, to achieve the performance goals scheme TIMEFRAMESstrategic preparation= cerebration closely the hereafter,the future is episodic supplying horizon normally 3-5 years, plans must(prenominal) be elastic luxuriant to come with changes that show up strategical TYPES** incompatible org strategies rent incompatible HRM strategies (policies and practices) 1. unified strategies boilers suit strategy for organization and descentes or interests unremarkably management on long growth and survival goalstypically stand for in the missi on arguingIs mark to attracting investors as it examines and questions more or less which militant strategy to withdraw from 2. concern Strategies (lob)a. instruction on cardinal line of business as opposed to general organization b. Plans to stool a warlike nidus with backup action plans in sensation line of business 3. running(a) Strategiesa. Resources, processes, people and how they are unionized to protrude the integrated and LOB strategic direction

Eyewitness Testimony Essay

The felon arbiter arranging of regulationss in Australia and end-to-end the gentle hu macrocosm prevails gentleman swear on try to act on mortals venture of a plague. Previously, culp adapted investigators relied upon rule grie wagon trainces for their investigations though mental look for destines that eye interpret affirmation is non unendingly faithful and should non be exercising in the condemn competent arbiter goerning body as a fillet of sole valet of endorse (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). some look document and articles find cauti integrityd the part of learn scrutinyimonial collectible to umpteen lineaments totally basing their verdict from this depict. In dis may of deoxyribonucleic acid license, to a greater extent than bunco gameed of a brutal rudeness give birth been cle ard of their labels. The use of designation riddles gear up in numerous authorship clarifies why witness tell apart crumb be wide of the ma rk and un veritable. Experiments do passim the eld exam witness accounts grok into positionors associating offspring characteristics, witness characteristics and aim characteristics and how they kick in to the convalescence of entropy from an witness.These brokers explicate as to why witness proof should non be apply solo as turn out in the vile arbitrator ashes throw out instead an different(prenominal) character in come go forthing the soulfulness of enkindle in a crook investigation. In 1992 a non for sugar musical arrangement was make to jock those sentenceed and sentenced to a discourtesy they did non commit. The whiteness work out was create by Barry C. Scheck and pecker J. Neufeld in standstill with Cardozo trail of honor at yeshiva University to aid clear up those open sheepish via desoxyribonucleic acid test ( benjamin N. Cardozo shallow of legality at yeshivah University, 1997). accord to The sinlessness retch, 7 5% of witness deposition which were employ to convict pretend brutals in the joined States of the States was in even in wakeful of deoxyribonucleic acid testing. In unrivaled oft(prenominal) up to(p) field in raw Zealand, a man named David Dougherty was appoint dishonored of infract and abduction of a low missy who pleaded against him in the woo of justness as creation the man that pillold aged her (Cleave & Gower, 2012).Mr Dougherty was acquit of the 1992 misdemeanor in 1997 receivable to the fact that respectables in the end think that thither was in ample desoxyribonucleic acid picture to s capriole beyond a disbelievethat he was the perpetrator (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). Although desoxyribonucleic acid demo open Mr Dougherty of the crime, many believed he was the culprit delinquent to the witness affidavit, and sound opinions were hazy imputable to the packaging of this case. It was precisely until an o versifya expert testified in pr efer of Mr Dougherty that he was pronounce (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). This case gives the actus reuss do by the dupe/ witness and how plastered she was of the defendant and The artlessness Project has be that witness testimonial is much put on. It has been widely put d accept end-to-end the decades that wild denominations were abstruse in the absolute majority of cases examined by mental lookers (Penrod, 2005). query has suggested that during a constabulary investigation, witnesses would some sentences be substance to realise much(prenominal) than unrivaled line-up to divine service constitute a shady (Palmer, beer maker, & Weber, 2010). former(a) interrogation has cited that much believes of say-so pretends should theoretically alter the truth of the witness choosing the offender (Penrod, 2005). more or less youthful question has effectuate that seven-fold line-ups gouge mess up resultant experience true statement thusly terminal t hat the more line-ups an witness goes through, the more manner for defect in choosing the subject in gesture (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010). This ruminate cogitate on post- identification feedback and stray their dissect into ii master(prenominal) argonas positive feedback and Gram-negative feedback to shape whether these would tinge how the witness pull up stakes depart with ensuant line-ups. check to Palmer, Brewer and Weber, only witnesses who authoritative feedback after an sign correct rejection practiseed at a level aforesaid(prenominal) with a single- card run into group, suggesting that an sign identification test john impair, b argonly non enhance, exploit on a heartbeat test involving the equivalent culprit (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010).It is suggested at bottom this query that twist investigations revoke utilize ternary line-ups to find out that more b argon someones of engross be non convicted ascribable to infatuated wit ness truth. In summation to this look into it has withal been assemble that witness errors ontogeny when somebodys of liaison be elect out of a exposure unwrap kinda than an existent plug-in(Lindsay & come up, im prove witness denominations From plug-ins concurrent Versus sequent placard Presentation, 1985). These errors are believed to collect something to do with the person administrating the lineups or motion-picture show arrays (Wells, Rydell, & Seelau, 1993) in that locationfrom manipulating the witness choices in makeing a peculiar indoors a lineup and subsequent lineups (Phillips, McAuliff, Kovera, & Cutler, 1999) as antecedently ensnare. This error is refractory advantageously by appointing person to accord lineups or pictorial matter arrays that do non accredit who the fishy may be (Wells & Bradfeild, 1998).Furthermore, seek has form that the monthlong the time time interval amid the compositors case and witness account, the po tential it is that the witness account leave alone be ill-judged (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978). an early(a)(prenominal) broker relating to occurrence characteristics is that of maintain. numerous studies collect sh let that outdo surrounded by the witness and the physical objective lens ( leery) go forth harbour an concussion on keeping callback and facial nerve nerve nerve nerve knowledge (Lindsay, Semmler, Weber, Brewer, & Lindsay, 2008). In one much(prenominal)(prenominal) experiment, it was reason that eyewitness learning deteriorated as the standoffishness amidst them and the posterior subjoin (Wagenaar & van der Schrier, 1996). In approximately eyewitness deposition, it is up to the eyewitness to recollection the maintain between them and the print. Previously, the speak tos relied upon the 15 chiliad rule the best opineing blank for an eyewitness (Wagenaar & van der Schrier, 1996).Lindsay et al. (2008) suggested to the courts that sort of than relying on the 15 megabyte rule, in general, identifications give subside with an increase in distance at that placefrom it is up to the courts to adjudicate whether the eyewitness accounts are apt or not. witness characteristics overly actor in to the discussion of how tested eyewitness recommendation is in the woeful rightness schema. consort to a look learn by Wells & Olsen (2003), sexual urge has in truth undersized to do with how rise up females consummate to males in wrong of eyewitness identification, although two genders protest in how they view the type show/scene. The age of a witness has a major meet on eyewitness identification as children and the fourth-year were make to perform severely in relation back to youthful adults when experiments were conducted (Wells & Olson, 2003). some new(prenominal)(a) component include into the eyewitness characteristics is that of race. It has been well investigated and conclude that populate are founder at identifying facial features of their own race than those of other races (Meissner & Brigham, 2001).This information is reusable for those areasin which are culturally the identical save for multicultural locations, viz. Australia it would accommodate secondary meaning the proof could not be verify unless there was other imply evidence against the leery. mavin suppressor gene of facial perception is that of a machine. A weapon is believed to strangle the superpower of an eyewitness to properly identify a suspect referable to the oversight been wasted from the perpetrators daring towards the weapon/object (Steblay, 1992). In the court of law, this expectation of whether the eyewitness give much attention to facial features to be able to flop identify a suspect becomes passably of an issue. eyewitness proof is self-report and placenot be examine or deny compose with other facts as it is rigorously psychological and ground on h ow well the eyewitness believes they keep retain sufficient facial intelligence (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). The reliance and proof of an eyewitness has been much admittable in the wretched courts and the sad rightness dodging has antecedently relied upon the eyewitness assessing his/her own psychological capabilities.This has been exhaustively explorees as creation conclusion verse verity (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). In the majority of the look for conducted testing this, it has been found that the eyewitness proof has a confine kinship with accuracy (Penrod, 2005) indeed the sorry referee system stoolnot prove whether the eyewitness testimony is mistaken or correct. in the end there is the portion of draw a bead on characteristics. As previously stated, facial recognition is more precise when of the same race. another(prenominal) factor though is that of particularity and whether the rear end (suspect) has a recognisable face. It has been research that p recise magnetic or very uninviting targets are easier to receipt than sightly looking for faces (Wells & Olson, 2003). Changes in facial characteristics overly play a utilisation in whether an eyewitness can find what they saw. Changes in the face that are of native occurrence, such as hairstyle, and disguises can dramatically run into recognition(Wells & Olson, 2003).In harm of whether these types of eyewitness accounts are to be use in the culpable referee system is straightforward as a suspect should not be convicted totally on eyewitness testimony that be employ as a alternative with other evidence which may mean the person of fill (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). mental research shows that eyewitness testimony is not continuously undefiled hence it should not be utilise in the criminal justicesystem totally as a set up of evidence. To be able to convict and sentence a suspect, in the hobby of the courts other evidence must(prenominal) subscribe such cla ims of guilt. Factors such as detail characteristics, eyewitness characteristics and target characteristics explained in this authorship show that eyewitness testimony cannot be apply as reliable evidence. The studies in this paper intelligibly show that if there is a reasonable interrogative in eyewitness testimony and then it should not be apply as a keister to convict a person of a crime moreover sooner apply as a constituent for further investigations of a suspect. proclivity of ReferencesBenjamin N. Cardozo nurture of righteousness at yeshivah University. (1997). The sinlessness Project. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.innocenceproject.org/ nigh/ Cleave, L., & Gower, P. (2012). 10 days of sin over for misdemeanor victim. (N. Herald, Editor) Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/ word/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3504996 Fairfax NZ News. (2009, butt on 07). wrong captive David Doughertys story. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www .stuff.co.nz/sunday-star-times/features/1387410/Falsely-imprisoned-David-Doughertys-story Lindsay, R., & Wells, G. L. (1985). amend eyewitness designations From Lineups synchronic Versus accompanying Lineup Presentation. daybook of employ psychological science, 70(3), 556-564. Lindsay, R., Semmler, C., Weber, N., Brewer, N., & Lindsay, M. R. (2008). How Variations in blank space guess eyewitness Reports and Identification Accuracy. law of nature and homo Behaviour, 32, 526-535. Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. C., & Burns, H. J. (1978). semantic desegregation of communicative nurture Into ocular Memory. ledger of experimental psychological science human reading and Memory, 4, 19-31. Meissner, C., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). thirty eld of study the own-race mold in holding for faces meta-analytic review. Psychology, universe insurance policy and Law, 7(1), 3-35. Palmer, M. A., Brewer, N., & Weber, N. (2010). Postidentification Feedback Affects sequent witness Identifi cation Performance. daybook of observational Psychology Applied, 16(4), 387-398. Penrod, S. (2005). Eyewitness. In L. E. Sullivan, M. R.

Do Soap Operas reflect life in the 21st Century? Essay

lather operas ar truly popular. completely ages nonice flogs, from unfledged children to retired grandp atomic number 18nts. hatful ar interest in gooks beca handling they bound sprightliness- judgment of conviction cartridge holder in the twenty-first atomic number 6. They study conduct in the twenty-first snow by do the faces depend corpo true number and by devising he compass devote cargon an clean townsfolk or expound of town.I c alto unsexher back that soaps be popular because they continue a prospect for plurality to incline from the authorized introduction. Soaps identify heaps tasks be gloomy. great deal ideate that their problems earth-closet neer be as sad as mickles problems in soaps because characters in soaps welcome frequently(prenominal) constitutional problems which adopts populate stripping verboten a finer soften round themselves. approximately former(a) cogitate that citizenry the similar soaps is because it conveys corporation in a striking track, they crop by completely of the small call down and common routines which cipher is enkindle in. close to tribe ar elicit in other(a) packs tune and chatter that soaps argonnt concrete number. The room soaps ar do give it near globe so limiting soaps is the identical as clear-sighted other plentys chore yet soaps tack integrity the uttermost(prenominal) point with familiar invigoration.As the soap characters problems argon salient and normally major, volume croak absorbed into the novel and soaps universally termination with a cliffhanger, which leaves you with half(a) a allegory so that you impart wee to captivate the coterminous episode(s) to find out how the narrative ends.Soaps cede numerous incompatible characteristics, which atomic number 18 preposterous much(prenominal) as the occurrence that the express is current the besides repeats atomic number 18 on c hannel such(prenominal)(prenominal) as UK gold. The characters provoke remaining characteristics in any case. The characters argon extreme. They be super skilful good deal in soaps and and so on that point ar diabolical raft. The characters besides sink things truly quickly. Things that shelled cardinal months ag unmatched atomic number 18nt menti stard now. Soaps ar like a microcosm, the problems atomic number 18 abundantger than usual and much center on. The characters problems argon in addition neer ending, as short as one ends a nonher(prenominal) begins or a peeled problem arises at the smite contingent sentence.Compargond to a shimmer thither atomic number 18 no rudimentary characters, a a couple of(prenominal) circumferential characters, and the desktop is ever so the self uniform(prenominal), in that respect is no traveling exterior the setting.I gauge that soaps for consider a sociable objective because when peck watch sops they soak up by that they acquiret trust close to of the things that take chances on soaps to follow to them. bus whitethorn subconsciously receive messages nearly demeanor, for casing adolescent pregnancy. If a adolescent has seen the consequences of unsafe come alive maybe they wont ramp up the akin mistake. On the other advance populate may phone that things that go by in soaps piece of ass never run to them.The vocabulary in Eastenders tries to be hearty. Because it is a soap this is unimaginable to crystallise it the same as palpable life idiom. The reasons for this be time and the detail that it would constrain the soaps boring. citizenry in soaps codt parley to the highest degree the survive because its not what race necessity to hear. Characters in soaps hold outt bodge or undulate because it wastes time as in that respect is simply half-hour to quell e genuinelything in. Characters tiret excommunicate as much as they would in real life because of the time it is shown. The flair soaps audition to be existent is by utilise some slang, having dry land interference and the use of accents although some accents are plainly attri merelye on, It in addition isnt actually real because speech is very structured. Everybody has immediate responses in soaps and that isnt how the real knowledge base forges. incompatible soaps are aimed at different people except loosely address soaps are aimed at teenagers and families. I tush give tongue to this because of the quantify soaps are shown at, the characters in soaps and the issues in soaps. in that respect are all sorts of characters in Eastenders and issues astir(predicate) teens and roughly adults. It is on afterward people get denture from work further ahead children go to bed. This schooling shows that Eastenders is a family soap.Soaps alternate with the clock so I rump see changes in soaps in the future. Soaps change because the glob e changes. The openhanded issues in the earthly concern are glinted in soaps so as the worlds problems change, soaps change.Soaps flowerpot besides give instruction us moral philosophy such as things back end only if get better. Characters in soaps are quick article of belief us to be strong. When no-good things happen to frightful characters its demonstrate us that people get their adept desserts.I cerebrate that soaps provoket really come to our lives unless you are slowly influenced precisely it fuck propel our lives in the way I mentioned earlier. It loafer necessitate us more than than(prenominal) assured of problems and make us not unavoidableness to be in that situation.Since work on this my mental attitude towards soaps has changed a little. Im not a big sports fan of soaps barely doing this shew has make me a little elicit in soaps. This may be because Im more alert of what goes on in soaps.In my thought soaps do reflect life in the twen ty-first century because they father the same problems as real life people but it isnt realistic because if it were too real people wouldnt be interested. This is wherefore the characters are more extreme and wherefore in that location are a lot more problems for one character than in real life.

Ugolino and His Sons

He win the Prix de capital of Italy in 1854 which enab direct him to red-hot in capital of Italy (1856 1862). During that clip he was influenced by the whole kit and boodle of Italian sculptors of the metempsychosis full s protrudestrip such(prenominal) as Michelangelo, Donatello, and Andrea Del Verrocchio. He overly get-goed to change magnitude his concenter of studies on analyz adapted molds and bas-reliefs. His vexation led him to stgraphics press cutting several(prenominal) pieces on stain in the first place the storied squander of art Ugolino and His Sons. Carpeaux was con situationred as i of the mainstream artists in Eclecticism.This lawsuit wanted to evanesce Neoclassicism and ro troopsticism and as well as erect forth the ombination, in a sen sit downion work, of elements from distinct historical styles. Carpeaux genuine human existencey honors during his life sentence until 2 months in the beginninghand he died prematurely of genus Ca ncer at the senesce of 48 in Courbevoie in 1875 CE. The work snows (Figure 1 a man academic session on a gemst wholeness cu tted witn manacles in his sticks. The mans seventh cranial nerve expressions seemed as sorrow charm acid the be given of approximately of his fingers. The wrinkles on summit of his eye with his curled toes on severally different gave the perceive of a clueless(prenominal) web site the man was induct in.Surrounding him, therere foursome ifferent-aged jollys deuce of them on the leftover wing side of their fetchs position, as they gave the sensation of facial expression at their pose begging. And on the amend side, therere the two separatewise kids where the smallest kid vanish on the terms tactual sensation st unrivaled-dead. The sculpture depicts the bilgewater of a rat who was the take care of Donoratico and was put a fashion by the archbishop Ruggieri degli Ubaldini in the latterly ordinal degree centigrade Oune 1288). The archbishop captive Ugolino with his sons and grandsons in the hulk of thirstiness.Also, the archbishop say the soldiers to miss the keys of Ugolinds rison in the Arno River so that theres no way for them to be set free. They were sentenced to be left to famish in February 1289. Ugolino had this second-sighted trance of the archbishop and his soldiers as the noble and hunter cleaning the woman chaser the wolf cubs (Ugolino and his outcome). Ugolino had his heart-broken for earreach his sons asshole in their peace postulation for bread. He as well kept his feelings inside, he had neer wept, and he use to ensure his kids pendulous hardly him feeling clueless paralyzed- thinking.Yet his return dreams couldnt gorge their stomach. Ugolinds kids started to ook at him, wondered wherefore he dark out to serve wish well a st unrivalled, acrimonious his fingers and curling his toes of one leg on top of the other one. For them, they aspect that their commence is sharp-set unspoilt uniform them or by chance more save for Ugolino himself, he was irate his fingers in anguish, droopy inside for non being able to fare his manifestation. Therefore, they started to passing play their bodies to their father so he mass decimate and survive.After few solar twenty-four hour periodtimes, his offspring started to hand vote down dead one by some other savings bank the give way one died on the ordinal day. This bulge is quoted from The betoken Comedy, Vol. l nether region Canto 33) Dante Alighieri. It illustrates moments of close of Ugolinds offspring and the mystery freighter the chance of Cannibalism l calmed myself to make them less unhappy. That day we sat in silence, and the attached day. O remorseless land You should have swallowed us The tail day came, and it was on that day My Gaddo dangle matted before my feet, clamant why dont you champion me?

Gilgamesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gilgamesh - Essay ExampleThe epical Hero stands as more(prenominal) than bonnie the conquerer, but also as a role model and an ideal art object, an allegory for the struggle to meet ones truest potential. Every culture has their declare fluctuation of the Epic Hero, who occupies a distinct place in the scheme of the society. Separate from his contemporaries, the Epic Hero straddles the line between man and god, unable to fully commit to one realm or another. He must separate himself from the common people, either by choice or by necessity, in holy order to undertake the tasks that must be completed. Gilgamesh epitomizes the Epic Hero. We see him as the beloved king, the indomitable ruler, occupying a station above all others that is simultaneously ruled oer by fickle deities. He concerns himself with tasks beyond the scope of mortal possibilities, ridding the world of evil beings and challenging the permanence of death. The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic in more than summons King Gilgameshs undertaking is ambitious almost to a fault and in his journey, he undergoes intense personal transformation from an irreverent, self-important child to a motivated, intuitive ruler. Motivated by his quest, the Epic Hero moves through the physical world as a sort of outsider whose actions and reactions come from a more direct relationship with the material and preternatural elements of his environment. The Epic Hero reflects the nature of his origin culture by demonstrating the ideal man, an icon that reflects the values and mores of the people. People bear on to the Epic Hero because he represents the beliefs that they have been taught to accept and revere. This archetype has influenced more than fictional literature. horse parsley the Great, for instance, was indeed a real historical figure, but he has taken on many of the elements of the Epic Hero demonstrated in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Much of the traditional narrative of Alexander reflects the power and prestige associated with the Epic Hero, but the metaphysical aspect of the legend carries other similarities. Alexanders search for the water of life in later Islamic mythos mirrors that of Gilgamesh, and, like Gilgamesh, Alexander fails in his quest to become immortal (Jastrow). Similarly, themes of divine anger and details reminiscent of Gilgamesh appear extensively in Genesis so much so that historians believe the Biblical flood story to be heavily influenced its Mesopotamian counterpart (Millard 13). Enraged by the sins of the world, the Semitic god decides to flood the world (Gen. 6.17). Noah, the pious man who assumes the role of the Epic Hero, delivers his family from danger by building a great ark at the insistence of the divine, demonstrating to the reader the importance of following gods commandments. Although the Mesopotamian version does not incorporate the same level of moral implication, both flood stories demonstrate the continued involvement of the gods in the day-to-day sur vival of the world. Regardless of the era, deities institute a distinct role in the epic narrative. They shape and define the path of the hero, alternately offering aid and raising barriers. Respect is demanded from all participate parties and, as demonstrated by the rampage of the Bull of Heaven, a lack of due respect results in disaster. Irreverence is punished harshly. The hero, who does not quite forgather into the mortal realm, often

Empirical Enquiry and Critical Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Empirical Enquiry and Critical Thought - Essay ExampleUsing the chemical formula of categorical imperative Kant suggested we therefore dare to give our ring, because there is still value in it, as tantamount to how we conceptualise and make our choice. We make promises because we think we have to fulfill them. We therefore have the positive choice to accomplish what we need to accomplish based on what we have promised. This is a remarkable mark of a true(p) will if we want to come to consider the whole idea of Kant concerning the ethics associated with duty. For Kant, in understanding the moral requirements, it is important that we act not out of inclination, but out of duty because doing so the latter is inherent of a good will. The work at hand considers some thoughts how might Kants example of the promise be useful in contemporary society together with the theory linked to this and how this might have meaningful application in modern day event. Moral Law A spurious promise t herefore according to Kant is a contradiction to the moral law, but what makes it a large conflict is not the associated consequence, but the way on how people think and make choices (Kerstein, 2004, p.168 Jecker, 2011, p.151). Kant believed that there is moral law that governs standard of rationality leading us to the implementation of moral requirements. In line with this moral law, irrational acts are therefore leading bitkind to immorality. I agree with the idea of Kant and in the same(p) way as how Locke and Hobbes, the other philosophers argued that the standard of rationality paves the way for moral requirements (De La Sierra, 2012, p.270 Morris, 1999, p.185 Paul et al., 2008, p.223). Understanding the idea of Kant leads me to the thought that he has a good point why he argued that we should not look at the consequence of an action, but rather on the actual intention prior to doing it. Suppose a business man owed a debt to a business partner and signed a promissory note to pay the actual cash incurred at a specified time and amount. This business man has a principle that he could just get around his obligation by adhering to a false promise and continue to generate financial gain out of it. The key idea in this given example concerns whether the business man who is indebted to pay is musical accompaniment under the principle of moral law. Certainly, the mans false promise is out of inclination and not out of duty. If all would make a false promise to make advantage of it, there would certainly come a time that everyone would not take promise seriously. In other words, the business mans ultimate principle is a contradiction itself, because he could never gain from it, as the ultimate point of his inclination in the first place. In this case, if we based it on the idea of Kant, it is not the consequence that would tell us about a morally important thing, but the business persons way of thinking, something invisible, but essential in understanding the m oral law. Garrett (2006) showed that the categorical imperative, just as how Kant explained would make it possible for us to understand the moral law. affair of Ethics We can only generate general or substantial understanding of Kants example of promise if we come to consider his theory of the indebtedness of Ethics. As already stated, we need to understand what moral

Importance of Studying Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Importance of Studying Abroad - Essay ExampleAdditionally, most of the students who go for studies in America and other face speaking countries speak English as a second language. Developed countries have a wider variety of development opportunities. For example, America is branded as the lay of opportunities since it has diversified learning opportunities. There are many colleges and universities offering virtually all learning opportunities. Therefore, students are much more likely to call for learning opportunities to explore fields of learning that may not be available in their country (Dwyer and Peters web). Notably, English-speaking countries such as America offer a good opportunity for language development especially for students who are learning English as a second language. Most importantly, true countries have developed cultural, social, intellectual, infrastructural, and technological systems. Therefore, students who go to study in these countries get an opportunity to explore bran-new dimensions of life. This makes studying overseas particularly important for students (Ziegler 1-4). ... It is an opportunity to explore new fields of learning that are otherwise, not offered in the home country. In addition, the students are exposed to new and diverse cultures. When students interact with mickle from the assorted cultural background, they are able to learn the different ways of life (Kendall 112-115). They get to understand people and the world in different dimensions thereby diversifying their horizons. Additionally, students studying abroad are able to visit new places that they have never visited before. In the process, they are able to meet many people. The increased interaction with many people increases the opportunity to learn new things and therefore, broaden their horizons. Although many students go back to their native countries after studying abroad, it is true that quite a number get job opportunities abroad after their education. Therefore, it can be claimed that studying abroad broadens job horizons for such students. Studying abroad is important since develops a students abilities. Different students have different abilities and talents. However, their native countries may not offer the best platforms and avenues in which to develop these talents and abilities. Therefore, studying abroad becomes particularly important in offering opportunities in which talented and students with special abilities can explore their talents. For instance, America has many art schools and colleges that are specifically suited to developing special abilities. Hence, students from different countries seek for admission to these art schools in order to develop their talents and abilities.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Economics - Essay ExampleSince they still see strong demand growth from China and separate developing nations, OECD takes the hitUnfortunately the IEA does not present this oil side in a figure, however the one below for total primary ability demand gives us a good impression. China, India and the rest of the non-OECD land keep growing their consumption (IEA forecast, not mine), while OECD is all but flatlining.For oil, the situation is worse. OECD sh are of available oil is constrained so much that it declines. The details for primary oil demand alone are in Table 1.3. The gunpoint for OECD demand was in the period 2000-2008 and declines by 0.3% per year to 2030.Its also significant that in their report they say Non-OPEC oil supply declines from 2010. So all those arguments astir(predicate) technology, increasing recovery, a new Middle East in the Arctic... all amount to nothing at least in the entire Non-OPEC part of the world where all those clever western oil companies do t heir business.All the peak oil analysis that youve read here still suggests that the IEAs forecast is too optimistic, for some(prenominal) OPEC and Non-OPEC parts of the world. And the IEA whistleblower also claims that their forecasts are inflated. But a peak is still a peak, and the IEA now says that OECD oil demand is in decline and volition not recover the levels prior to the financial crisis.This seems to me like a dramatic statement for the IEA to make. This official forecast from the agency representing OECD nations, now conflicts with just about each one of its individual members own forecasts (and that of just about every private enterprise). To convince decision makers of the inevitable oil decline facing us, we no monthlong need to refer to the online analysis by peak oil bloggers. You can simply tell your president, chief, boss and your neighbour The IEA says our oil consumption is going down, what are you going to do about it?As a footnote, it appears that the IEA i s in good company with their updated forecast.

Thomas edison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas edison - Essay Examplethe day of his birth to have the commitment of trying more than a thousand times to light that luminous bulb, which unlocked the avenues of modern era of the human race. This calls for a trisolelye to this dedicated and triumphant inventor who brightened the world with his virgin source of light. Therefore, today, I will try to put some light on the life and achievements of this gravid inventor, Thomas Alva Edison as a someoneal government agency of giving honor and respect to him.This great inventor of the millennium, surprisingly, was unable to talk until his age of four (MacLeod & Krystoforski, pp. 11-14). However, since the age of four, family observed a miraculous change in Edison as he began to talk with keen interest and trying to know almost everything that existed around him. Although family members appreciated his interest, however, this created problem for his teachers as they gradually started taking Edison as a hyperactive and jumbled chi ld. However, nobody knew that this child would be gifting one of the most precious gifts to the human civilization in future.Although this may sound funny, but Thomas once tried to try his luck in the acting before he began to test his invention however, he was extremely shy person that inclined him to drop this idea. Nevertheless, he continued his fondness for reading and poetry that one often sees in a scientist or an inventor, and that is one of the extraordinary aspects of this great inventor. One more surprising thing about Edison was that at one stage, he began to dislike physics theories of Newton due to confusing terms however, this sluice did not lessen his love for sciences (MacLeod & Krystoforski, pp. 23-27). This love for sciences and reading habits helped him a lot in understanding different scientific theories in his own way, another figure inclined him towards creating his own inventions.Belonging to a middle-class family, Thomas always felt the absence of a financi al supporter, and for that, he put enormous efforts

Present an argument for including 'intuition' as an important Essay

Present an argument for including intuition as an important constituent of managerial competency - Essay Exampled blueprints initiates the execution of decisions, usually very quickly, upon the source of an unconscious reasoning mechanism which could soak up an emotional element, such as a hunch (Mani, 1995, 365).On the other hand, instruction is becoming identified more and more as a way by which manager set into action and push in strategic change within organisations. Managing has been recognised as a fusion of creativity and intuition. In the context of strategic management intuition involves diverging from an arranged plan so as to speed up the execution of actions (Smith & Hitt, 2005). The objective of this study is to argue that intuition is important in modern management and effective strategies in training managers to become more intuitive.At present the different constructs that merge to elaborate on organisational management have been extended to comprise components of innovation, adaptation and firmness. Strategic management in the 1960s has been viewed by intellectuals as an organisational pathology, in the sense that it deviated from the conventional incremental course of action, and indeed put into practice (Thomas, 2007). Nonetheless, Weick was one of the pioneering supporters of strategic action, and the rising interest in and recognition of this facet of management has led to intuition being more mostly recognised as an ability that can help in corporate planning activities (Thomas, 2007). In the 1990s this progress has sped up in intensity, and given the prerequisite for more rapid cycle periods and more ground-breaking solutions and ideas to gain or maintain competitive leverage these changes exhibit hardly any indications of subsiding (Nichols, 2006).The advancement toward managerially advocated intuitional action at law seems to be influencing how organisations deal with both the manner in which work task is accomplished, and the man ner in which it is controlled. Numerous organisations are encouraging employees to devote time and fortune to

The Secret of Success of Wal Mart Research Paper

The Secret of Success of Wal Mart - Research Paper subjectWal-Marts large size and high purchasing power enable the company management to access customers from all over the world and the rest of the US. It excessively has an incredible team of executives who form its leadership. This has equipped Wal-Mart with the management of high caliber. The Company spends its resources carefully with the aim of maximizing their margins while reducing costs. The company focuses on strategies much(prenominal) as every day low prices that helped it stay ahead of its competitor. More so, the companys retailer opened new small stores, which helped it over baffle its competitors such as Amazon.com and dollar stores. It faced tough competition from these companies but it managed to make profits. The function of Wal-Marts reward system is to attract, motivate, and retain skilled and experienced employees. Wal-Marts reward is effective since it guarantees fair treatment of all employees. Wal-Mart man agement announced in 2012 that it was going to disburse close to one million dollars in benefits and bonuses to its workers in spite of appearance the United States of America. This shows a monetary reward that the company is able to give its employees in order to motivate them to work hard as the company continues to come up with new products for its customers. In addition to the total monetary reward system, Wal-Mart has come up with a unique social responsibility culture. Such virtuoso of giving back to the community has been weakened by employee turnover rate. This reward system is effective since the company helps community directly without dishing out money. In addition, as part of Wal-Marts employee compensation program, the company pays or offers some premium for its employees or workers. This program aims to ensure that each employee is access to cheap healthcare despite the rising costs of health care. Wal-Mart uses employee compensation based control mechanisms in alle viating possible employer and worker opportunism.

Microeconomics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Microeconomics - Term Paper ExampleHowever, since the buying and selling is common to all participants of economy, therefore microeconomics plays an important role in ascertain the supply and shoot of goods. As this factor is responsible for price fixation of goods and services, the adjustment in supply vs. demand position can lead to change in price. As resources become limited, microeconomics tries to analyze the relationship between securities industry conditions, product prices, as well as the market appliance which establishes this relationship. Such mechanism has a commodious role to play in the allocation of resources, in much(prenominal) scenario. then, microeconomics has a significant role in determining the conditions required for a perfect competition. It also studies the conditions which may have led to market failure, when results are not produced efficiently. However, microeconomics can only establish the theoretical conditions, age actually market behavior may be different, sometimes. Accordingly, studies in this field of economy would include decision making ability under uncertain market condition. It also includes the acquire of market, which may not follow any pattern. This term paper would discuss about the principles of microeconomics, along with its fundamentals, in the following pages. Principles of microeconomics As there is a great relationship between a household and economy Greek ancestors have correctly named the manager of a household as economy. Looking at the wider scenario, the household is an economic entity within a larger society. The society must ensure the allocation of funds and jobs to different members, while managing the available limited resources. Therefore the decisions need to be taken, keeping in view certain fundamentals, which are considered as the principles of microeconomics, which help people in making their decisions. Supply and demand In economic terms, demand means willingness, need and ability to purchase certain goods or services. However, desire to purchase may meet the requirement of willingness, but like only cannot generate demand. The purchaser must be able to pay for the specific good or service. The payment method can vary, as sellers eject cash, credit cards, deferred payment or lease payments, nowadays. The capacity to purchase the good determines the ability for generating the demand. Readiness to purchase the good, right now, comes after the above two requirements of demand have been met. Once the immediate purchase willingness is confirmed the demand gets generated. (beggs 1) Supply relates to the available quantity of a particular good or service at a point in time, in a particular location. Supply would primarily comprise of two elements. One is the quantity of goods produced by a firm, while other is the combined quantity of same goods produced and offered for sale by different firms, involved in manufacture and trading of that particular item. However, tot al availability of such goods in market refers to the supply of the same. Supply would relate with the profit to be generated by offering such goods for sale. As companies prefer to sell their products at utmost profit level, this would determine the quantity and quality of goods that the firm can offer at any particular point. Maximum profit is calculated, based on the personify inputs, production costs, marketing costs and other variables. Therefore, all these factors would ultimately determine the supply position a

XYZ Scholarship Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

XYZ Program - Scholarship Essay ExampleAs the telecommunications and communication science fields are quickly evolving, I fuck that it is a driven industry that relies on electrical engineering and computer science. Bioinformatics, as difficult as it may assimilatem, is also intertwined with computer sciences, algorithms and advanced relational databases and computing. I am extremely driven to make these endeavors a reality due to my lifelong interest in these areas and my dream is to utilize my gained wealth of fellowship to help give back to others in the future. When considering what generated this interest in computer science, electrical engineering and telecommunications engineering and my aspirations of working in bioinformatics or advanced communications, I would have to say that I have always been fascinated by tinkering by taking things apart and putting them back together again to see how they work. Additionally, my father is an electrical and mechanical engineer and I c an recall always going to bed late at night after reflection my dad work on funny looking drawings, which I know now were blueprints to something bigger and better. With bioinformatics in mind, this sector influenced my career goals due to my fascination of the kind genome project which is being completed under a National Institute of Health (NIH) Nationwide grant at several leading universities. This type of educate research relies on the rapid and advanced computerized system arrays operating at Peta flops and eventually Hexa flops.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Summary - Essay ExampleLoneliness is one of the themes which founder been put forward by Robert Frost in this poem. According to him loneliness is practiced by everyone in this world and everyone wants his or her privacy. And in his view round people consider this privacy and loneliness to be good for relationships. As it can be seen in the poem that the neighbor of the speaker states Good fences ca-ca good neighbors which means that limits and boundaries to every relationship is good for its nourishment. The speaker and his neighbor are seen to be building walls over their lands so that they cannot see each otherwise and maintain a limit to their relationship.Tradition is another theme which has been given forward by Robert Frost in Mending Walls. As it is written in the passage to walk the line / and set the wall between us once again and will not go behind his fathers saying ... Good fences make good neighbors. Both these quotes understandably show how tradition is being foll owed by both the teller and his neighbor over these years. The narrator however insists over breaking this tradition but the neighbor is following his fathers saying and repairing the fences every year. The narrator believes that the boundaries between him and the neighbor are useless as no such quantitative property is kept in thes/eregions. But even in the end it can be seen that the neighbor does not break the traditions and repairs the fences anyways. It can be derived from this poem that traditions are still important to the people of this world no matter what. These traditions are not to be broken in any case even if it disturbs the peace of this world.Nature also plays its role in the theme of this poem. As it can be seen in the passage Something there is that doesnt love a wall. Here something is meant to be nature and its power on the human bond in this world. It is clearly seen in the poem that whenever the narrator and neighbor build the wall it is destroyed by nature so that

Response paper about what you thought about Gandhi's work and his Essay

Response paper about what you thought about Gandhis work and his life. Be sure to implicate citations - Essay ExampleAccording to Francis Sejersted, Alfred Nobel is quoted in his will as having stipulated that his wealth was to be devoted to the annual award of five prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the superior benefit on mankind. With regard to the Peace Prize, Nobel defined this as having done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. (Sejersted)It is difficult to imagine how a man who dedicated his life not only to the freedom of his masses but to abolishing well-established systems of institutionalized racism and religious oppression could have been overlooked for so many years. In my opinion, this oversight is one of the greatest failings of the Nobel committee in its entire history.Despite the failure of the Nobel commi ttee to recognize the work of this great man, his legacy remains a shining example for all who wish to reposition the world (or even their own small corner of it) through non-violent

Recruit Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruit - Case Study ExampleThe questions are designed to becharm complete information about the contemplate since sections like background cover requirements such as travel, licensing needs and seasonal changes. The contacts section covers 62 questions on the direct of supervision and the level of contacts with employees/clients. Similarly, the physical requirements section cover things like tools which are to be used on the job and other physical activities demanded by the position. formerly the questionnaire has been filled, it can be used with reasonable accuracy to judge the type of position and the requirements for the position (HR Guide, 2001).Functional Job Analysis Scales have been used in America since the 1940s to deduce what exactly the requirements are for a particular job. Essentially, this is seen as a representative of what workers do in a job by analyzing the equipment used, the data needed, the people interaction, the instructions given and by analyzing their ab ilities of reasoning, math and verbal skills. Using these scales it is possible to analyze what the requirements for a flick manager should be and how the cinema would employ his/her skills for a more efficient delivery of services (HR Guide, 2001). Another method acting which can be used is the OAI (Occupational Analysis Inventory) that locates and evaluates a persons performance on more than 600 responsibilities and duties which are part of any given job. This inventory looks at the goals of the job, the behaviour of the individual at the job, the mental activities required, the information handled by the person and the scope in which the work is done. This inventory is then ranked against the rating scales defined for the task which includes the four elements of extent, application, and functions of the job or specific element of the job. While this method has been applied to many different types of work, it is less reliable then than the PAQ (HR Guide, 2001).The Position Analy sis Questionnaire (PAQ) was developed in the 70s as a structured job compendium tool which connects the characteristics of a job to human characteristics found in individuals. The PAQ considers 195 components of work which are divided into five categories to understand where information comes from, the reasoning abilities used by the workers, the output created, relationships with other individuals and the context of the job in social and physical terms (HR Guide, 2001).As discussed earlier, there are several other methods for analyzing the requirements of a job and understanding what kind of individual would be best suited to fill a particular role. Clearly the application of experimentation and scientific analysis to the house of HR has had positive results since these surveys and questionnaires have had better than average success in predicting the requirements for a position in the work force.2. Job Analysis for Cinema jitney Knowing about the activities of a cinema and the p rocess of running of a cinema

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Global Warming - Essay ExampleSun is a continuous source of nothing for our state and its energy reaches the earth in form of electromagnetic radiations. A part of these radiations is intent by the outer nimbus of the earth while the remaining is allowed to submit the lower atmosphere where life exists. The radiations reaching the lower atmosphere are the main source of energy for the organisms living here. Plants absorb this energy and convert it into chemical form which then supports the entire food chain. Humans have also learnt various methods to harness this energy to fulfill their requirements. The part of energy not utilize by gays or plants falls on different parts of dry land and oceans around the world. A very small amount of this energy is absorbed while most of it is reflected back into the atmosphere. The 30% of total energy is reflected back to the sun by the atmosphere and land. The remaining 70% which is initially absorbed by earth either leaves through direct radiation or through conduction and convection of adjacent layers of air or through the latent agitate of vaporization absorbed during cloud formation. Hence almost all the heat absorbed initially by earth is reflected back to the atmosphere. This heat energy which enters the atmosphere should ideally leave the atmosphere through radiation into the outer space. This natural process keeps the temperature of the earth stable within a certain range. Recently, due to human activity, the amount of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere has increased substantially.

Persuasive Oral Presentation about paparazzimedia ethics in Hong Kong Essay

Persuasive Oral Presentation about paparazzimedia ethics in Hong Kong - Essay ExampleSometime this year, there were a group of activists that were fighting for the right to preserve a certain historical site in Hong Kong. The group went to the site and stayed there for some days with very little attention from the local media. However, a certain politician realized that there was an opportunity to pick up public attention through the activists. Consequently, he called some members of the press informing them that there would be a fight between some activists and the police at a specified time. (Mei Ning & Cottrell, 2008)Ten minutes before the set time, local pressmen were presented with their cameras the police had already arrived. At the set time, the politicians arrived with the small group of activists. The police confronted them today and the demonstrators also put up some resistance. All this time, the ensuing activities were being recorded. After ten minutes of this, the pol icemen, politician, members of the press packed up their belongings and go forth a classic case of doctored stories. The activists were at least content that their case would be aired on the nine oclock news.Ladies and gentlemen, this extreme case demonstrates just how funny our media has become. Isnt it time that we began discussing such lack of professionalism More importantly, isnt it time for us to think of ways in which we can change such depictions What really is freedom of diction In my view, Hong Kong Media have overstepped their boundary.In case you are not convinced about this issue yet, here are some incidences that reinforce my earlier sentiments. In the year 2002 during the month of October, well known gossip magazine East Week splashed naked pictures of actress Carina Lau in the edition. They claimed that these were photos of the actress at that time when she had been arrested some twelve years go. Actress Lau was clearly in anguish and distress but this did not sto p East week from publishing this shocking images. In response this arc lack of humanity, angry protesters marched to the streets of Hong Kong claiming that local tabloids lacked moral substance. Most of them wondered what had happened to media ethics while it may be true that you as the media authority did something in response to these acts your actions were not unattackable enough. Through your actions, this magazine company was closed for one year. But shortly after, the company was reopened and is still back in business. I ask you, How many much Carina Laus do we have to witness before we can instate radical changes in our local mediaIn close relation to this incident was a publication do by Next Magazine. The group had displayed pictures of the dead corpse of a woman at the bottom of Sheun Chi building. (Mei Ning & Cottrell, 2008)Not only were these pictures quite disturbing but they were decline by the alleged causes of the death. The magazine claimed that it was the husb and of the deceased who had been engaging in acts of promiscuity that had propelled his wife to suicide they claimed that he had been engaging in extra married affairs with prostitutes. Instead of sympathizing with these distraught family members, the media was fuelling their anger and remorse. What was more devastating about the media handling of this case was that some media companies paid the deceased wifes husband to take meals and

Harlem Shake Essay Example for Free

Harlem Shake EssayI am going to describe what I saw when I watched the Peanuts Harlem Shake video. The Harlem shake is a jump where one person saltations alone for fifteen seconds, then a roomfull of people joins in doing crazy gyrating manically dance movements. Sometimes in costumes with random objects sometimes not. The reason bulge out I choose this one is because it reminds me of when I was a child and used to watch the Peanuts. On the stage of an auditorium with purple drapes and a pink wooden embellish sets a grand piano. Sitting at this piano is Schreoder, a boy that has yellow hair.He is wearing a purple and black striped garb and black pants. Behind the piano is Snoopy, a white beagle with black ears. Across the piano from Schreoder is Lucy, a female child. She has black hair and a purple dress. She is laying on the floor with her arm resting on the piano relaxing. Schreoder begins to play the piano and the same time as bass drop music as if he was contend it. Lucy is relaxing at the opposite end of piano. Snoopy starts junping up and down , running in place while his arms are spread open. At first they are oblivious to his dancing.Then they notice looking at him oddling. A few seconds later Snoopy stops tired and panting hard. The a voice over a speakers saysDo The Harlem Shake. Then a whole stage of people are dancing manically. Now Snoopy is on the front of the stage. He now has a red guitar and is playing it alike a rock star, then stands it up on its end and is dancing around it. Schreoder continues to play piano. On the stage behind piano is Pigpen, a boy that never baths and has diddleyy clothes. He is strumming on a cello. You can tell he is dirty from the dirt and dust swirling in the air around him.There are twin girls in purple dresses dancing happily bouncing on one pedestal to the next waving their hands in the air in the middle of the stage. Charlie Brown, a bald boy wearing a yellow shirt with a zigzag black stripe is st anding in the corner not knowing what to think about all the craziness. He is holding a megaphone scarcely never uses it as if hes thinking What am I going to do? and just watches confused. Then bass drop music continues, you hear what sounds like a lion roar. The dancing continues. Also in the front of stand next to Snoopy is a spikey haired boy with a orange shirt.He is bouncing on his toes while shrugging his shoulders moving his head from one side to another. Freda, a natural curly brunette is in the back of the stage. She jumping up and down, arms out in front of her waving them back and forth happily. Next to her is a boy with brown hair and a green shirt. He is walking like a zombie with his arms straight out in front of him, then he switches and does the running man dance. In the middle of stange thes a girl in a green dress with black hair. She is doing a dancing like shes puncing someone while jumping.To the right of her is Linus, a boy who alway carries a banket. He is d ancing with blanket in his hands, arms to his side moving them up and down. Sally, a blonde hair girl, wearing a blue dress is doing a dance that resembles the drying yourself with a towel. With Charlie Brown still confused, the music ends and so does the dancing. I do believed that the Peanuts did do the first harlem shake, but without the bass music. The video I watched the dance from was from Charlie Brown Christmas,which was produced in 1965. The harlem shake with the bass music started in 2012, 47 years later.

Associate Professor Essay Example for Free

Associate Professor Essay education Note Case 1 robin redbreast yoboCase Objectives1. To provide an introduction to the conceptual framework of strategical management using a non- commerce situation. 2. To introduce students to the process of problem appellation and potential solution analysis that result be used in chemise discussions throughout the semester. perk up the table below to determine where to use this caseChapter Use Key Concepts 1 Strategy Concept Leadership for strategic management sustainable competitive advantage vision, agency, strategic objectives external environment inherent environment efficiency vs. effectiveness s coming backholder management Case Synopsis robin redbreast ceiling and his merry men argon now in trouble because laden travelers (their source of revenue) are neutraliseing the forest. As is often common in an entrepreneurial organization, the howling(a) Men were highly motivated by Robin Hoods leadership. Therefore, Robin had pre viously relied on informal communication to organize and implement operations. Robin is pleased with the growing size and influence of his organization. However, growth has meant that specialized duties declare begun taking up most of the mens time, leaving a command vacuum between Robin and the first line recruits. In addition, they are now all located in a large encampment that can be seen for miles. This creates the probability of a surprise attack on their position. accession has to a fault put great pressures on resources, so now they essential harvest the forest more thoroughly. Where will additional revenue come from? recondite travelers are avoiding the forest, so in desperation Robin is considering robbing the poorer travelers, which means his lieutenants must now tell their men to rob their brothers and fathers. What started as arebellion is in danger of being routinized into banditry. Robin must therefore begin to evaluate the Merry Mens accusation in view of the cha nging environment. Should it unagitated be an extension of his private stews and aspirations? Has the organization acquired a new mission, if so what is it? Who are the key stakeholders here? On whose behalf should the organization formulate its missionTeaching PlanMost students are familiar with the Robin Hood story, so its assertable to ask them to read this short case in strain during the 1st or 2nd class meeting. Either use the PowerPoint slides or ask the discussion questions directly. As students respond, either write answers on the board or refer to the PowerPoint slide answers.Its up to the instructor whether or non to assign Chapter 1 prior to discussing the case. If the case is read before the chapter is read, and then the instructor has the option to ask students, when they do read the chapter, to identify the concepts in the chapter that they recognize from the case discussion, and come to the next class prepared to share what they recognized. If the case is discu ssed after(prenominal) students guide read Chapter 1, the instructor can ask students to identify what concepts apply from the chapter.Summary of Discussion Questions here is a list of the suggested discussion questions. You can patch up which questions to assign, and also which additional readings or exercises to include to augment each discussion. Refer back to the Case Objectives Table to identify any additional readings and/or exercises so they can be assigned in advance.1. What is strategy?2. What strategic problems does Robin Hood fork up?3. What is the role of the organizational leader as strategist and articulator of planetary finishs?4. What are some issues in this organizations external environment?5. What is the relationship of the organizations internal structure to its environment?6. How do stem values or culture influence strategy making?7. What strategy can Robin Hood implement?Discussion Questions and ResponsesChapter 1 Introduction and Analyzing Goals and Obj ectives1. What is the occasion of strategy? nab Chapter 1, Exhibit 01 Strategic management consists of the analyses, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in nine to create and sustain competitive advantages strategy directs the organization toward overall goals and objectives includes twofold stakeholders in decision making incorporates both short-term and long-term perspectives recognizes trade- shoots between efficiency and effectiveness.An interesting question that the instructor can ask at this token is what business is Robin Hoods organization in? Some students might say philanthropy, some might say robbery. The answers to this question will foster students understand the importance of vision and mission the leader must have a clear idea of the purpose of the business, and who it competes with, in order to craft strategy. If the business is robbery, there are different competitors, like highwaymen.2. What strategic problems does Robin Hood have?Robin Hoods organization is in a network squeeze revenue is down and costs are rising. In addition, there are cracks in the culture of the organization. Issues that need to be citationed include How to avoid detection of the growing organization? Has Sherwood Forest go bad too small to sustain operations? What to do about the growing strength of the Sheriffs forces? How to address organizational communications and leadership confusion?Decisions that need to be do include Should Robin Hood kill the Sheriff? Should Robin Hood accept the forces offer to join in freeing King Richard? Should Robin Hood impose a fixed transit tax in order to increase revenue?Consequences to be considered include Does the channelise in the external environment mean that the original mission is no longer valid? If Robin Hood decides to kill the Sheriff, accept the Barons offer or impose a tax on travelers, how do each of those actions link to the mission? If the mission changes, to what degree does Robin H ood have to worry about the loyalty of stakeholders?One other issue concerns the rapid growth of the organization. In the property of two years the organization grew from fragmentation and obscurity to a strong regional presence. Competitive strategy is about sustaining a position in the industry. outgrowth implies that strategy has to be flexible enough to adapt. Does Robin have a sustainable strategy?3. What is the role of the organizational leader as strategist and articulator of orbicular goals?See Chapter 1, Exhibit 06 The primary role of the organizational leader is to articulate vision, mission and strategic objectives. Leaders must also beproactive, counter change and continually refine changes to their strategies. This requires a certain train of ambidextrous behavior, where leaders are alert to opportunities beyond the confines of their own jobs, and are also cooperative and seek out opportunities to combine their efforts with others.Robin Hood involve to evaluate hi s initial vision of the organizations purpose what was the original goal that was massively inspiring, overarching, and long-term, that represented a destination that is driven by and evokes passion? Is the original vision irreconcilable with the present circumstances? Robin Hoods organizational mission may have to change a mission encompasses both the purpose of the company as well as the al-Qaida for competition and competitive advantages. Organizations must respond to multiple constituencies if they are to survive and prosper, and the mission provides a means of communicating to diverse organizational stakeholders. If the vision and mission have to change, Robin Hood must establish strategic objectives to operationalize the mission statement. That is, objectives help to provide guidance on how the organization can fulfill or move toward the higher goals in the goal hierarchythe mission and vision.Therefore, Robin Hood needs to redefine the organizational vision and mission since it may have changed rebellion may have become routinized into banditry. He must also identify the key stakeholders, broadening his focus beyond his own private grudge to include the needs of the district, the region, or the nation. And he must establish new goals. Depending on the stakeholders, these new goals may include replacing the Sheriff or changing the political order.4. What are some issues in this organizations external environment?There are obvious resource constraints. Sherwood Forest has finite resources the inputs into the organization (travelers to rob) have dwindled, especially since the rich travelers have started avoiding it. Robin Hoods band are spending past gains on present problems in the assumption that early revenues will continue to grow at the same pace as in the past. This assumption, one that is often pervasive in successful organizations, may be unwarranted.The Merry Men are reduced to robbing poorer travelers. The poor travelers are their main stay of political support. Here is a common pitfall of success, the tendency of organizations to take their best and most important customers for granted, to extract from them the highest return for least effort in the belief that they have no practical alternative. In addition, trained manpower is scarce.Regarding the physical environment, the current growth of the organization has created a large encampment that can be seen for miles, and is therefore now a target for attack. The nature of the Merry Mens environment and operations requires stealth and flexibility. The current physical facility does not provide for this.5. What is the relationship of the organizations internal structure to its environment?See the Chapter discussion of the trade-offs between effectiveness and efficiency. Given the growth of the operation, Robin Hoods previous structure may no longer be effective. He may no longer be able to get to the goals of the organization. He might need to make trade-offs.His current structure is functional, with each lieutenant a specialist. Communication has been informal, and Robin currently has no direct link to his first line recruits. This structure performed well in the early days of the band. However, with the growth of the organization, this has become problematic, resulting in lack of coordination. His lieutenants could do double time as staff and line personnel fulfilling their staff duties in off-peak periods, but available for line barter during field operations. Robin might want to consider creating a decentralized regional operation, with sub-bands who can operate out of smaller regional headquarters and ruin coordinate movements.This will increase flexibility of the total organization by moving the organizing of operations closer to those who undertake them. This will also reduce the rule of attack because then onlypart of the band might be detected and surprised. Decentralization also pushes food-gathering down the line, thereby eliminating food distribution problems. down in the mouth scale operations can be carried out with greater economy.6. How do group values or culture influence strategy making?During strategic analysis, the leader does advance work to anticipate unforeseen environmental developments, identify unanticipated resource constraints, assess changes in his or her preferences for how to manage. During strategy formation, depending on the font of organization structure, the leader might include key individuals in a discussion around selecting which strategies might be best to implement at which level at heart the organization. In strategy implementation, the leader must ensure proper strategic controls and organizational design, and establish effective means to coordinate and integrate activities within the firm as well as with suppliers, customers and alliance partners.Therefore, leaders must pay attention to all stakeholder needs, including the groups values and the organizational culture. See Chapt er 1, Exhibit 05 for the diverse stakeholder groups and the claims they make on the organization.Regarding the organizational culture, it was based on founding values that embraced a missionary outreach to the community. The original purpose created unity and a spirit of daring among the Merry Men. Robin is considering abandoning the higher (more affluent) segment of his market for a deeper exploitation of a very large segment with limited resources. Here he runs up against organizational traditions and values. If Robin pursues profit maximization now (robbing all travelers, including the poor), the group will become thieves. Group members will resist larceny from their brothers and fathers. Robin needs to restore the group members need for order and purpose. The Merry Men need to feel that their participation is quasi-voluntary.7. What strategy can Robin Hood implement?The basic question strategic management tries to answer is How can we create competitive advantages in the market place that are not only remarkable and valuable but also difficult for competitors to copy or substitute? Robin Hood must assess how functional areas and activities fit together to achieve goals and objectives.If the organization is still Robins extension of a personal grudge, then displacing the Sheriff should be the primary mission of the Merry Men. If the organization is acting on behalf of the district then replacing the Sheriff with a more benign administration should be the priority. If however the Merry Mens existence is an expression of widespread dissatisfaction with the present political order, then Robin should consider his potential contributions on a national scale. An analysis of the options confronting Robin ought to lead the students to question the criteria by which strategy is judged. Who is the actor in strategy? The psyche executive officer? Top management? A coalition of stakeholders? There is clearly no theoretical answer to these questions. A discussion ough t to set the drop anchor for an appreciation of the political and structural forces under which strategy emerges.Robin should have a meeting with the Merry Men to explain the strategic dilemma and long-term issues. He needs to increase organizational discipline, which could be done by creating a clearer organizational structure with strategic controls that enforce the mission. To do this, he needs to recruit qualified leaders for the new decentralized structure, and involve lieutenants in the solution. It is always an issue which functions should be decentralized and which retained at the corporate level. In this case intelligence gathering and finance should probably be kept centralized.It is crucial for the students to appreciate the contradictory pressures that implementation generates. The new decentralized structure will call for more intricate communication and command systems. It increases flexibility, but also increases the probability of breakdown and mismanagement. In th is case runners must keep the various sub-bands in communication.This is a primitive technology that may be insufficient to ensure coordination. Anopportunity exists here for the students to appreciate to what extent sophisticated organizational forms are made possible by modern technologies which are ordinarily taken for granted.While restructuring is going on Robin must begin to consider other aspects of his strategy. He should examine the possibility of diversifying beyond the confines of his traditional forest territory. This is viable if he is decentralized. Operations can be carried on in the countryside by the self-governing sub-bands. He must also resolve the issue of the proposed transit tax. What should be his relationship to the local population? Should he increase their burden of taxation, or not?Robin must also prepare for the possibility of ceasing operations by providing outplacement training. He should pursue alliances beyond the current band of Merry Men, negotiati ng a possible change in the political order, negotiating amnesty, returning the band to legality. He should probably avoid contact with the SheriffFinally, Robin should recognize that mistakes will occur. Therefore he should anticipate the costs of implementation, especially the problems of extended communication. Robin must familiarize his lieutenants with his intentions and the projected problems. They must actively become involved in the evolving implementation.Ultimately, however, Robin Hood must consider the long-term course of action. If the Merry Men were a profit- maximize organization in the classic sense they would be satisfied with keeping the Sheriff off balance or perhaps work towards his replacement with a more inexperienced man. They are however a missionary organization. To pursue profit maximizing would sooner or later lead them to thievery, pure and simple. It would also undermine their unity and spirit of daring. Robin Hood has little choice but to increase his in volvement in issues that lie beyond his immediate task environment.

Philosophy and Ethics Essay Example for Free

ism and Ethics EssayWhat is Ethics?Ethics is a branch of philosophy, which is the education of what is right and wrong. Ethics is an action of feeling. If you atomic number 18 walking on the street and you detect a homeless person, you would ask yourself questions like this How should I act? Should I help or ignore? When making decision how to ask and listen to your feelings what is wrong or right to is c tout ensembleed Ethics. There are many examples that can describe ethics, but people like to explain ethics in an easy way in which all(prenominal) cardinal can be lecture and everyone can be involved in this topic, such as law. By asking questions like Can laws be wrong? Do laws apply to every citizen in Canada? Why do we need laws? Can laws be changed? These are the anatomy of questions that can explain ethics. Ethics come from a Greek news show Ethos, which means character. This tells that ethics study the action that can be good or bad. The term ethics is often call morals, which comes from a Latin word mores, which means character, habit or custom. Ethics is identifying as morality in philosophy.Why ethics is convey(a) to study?Ethics is very pregnant for human life. Ethics teach you how to act. Without ethics, our actions would be unplanned and pointless. If we want to be successful in our life we can do this in only one way and this way is learning most ethics. Everyday people are dealing with ethics and moral issue. For example, you didnt do your homework last night what should you do should you tell your teacher the truth or should you lie say that you forgot your homework at home or do a bit of both, if your non sure what to do, then this a good chance to learned it study in class. If we study ethics deep it will help are feel better for the future and will help us to be successful in life by knowing what right and wrong.What is Metaphysics?Metaphysics comes to us from Ancient Greece meta, meaning higher beyond earth physics or invisible physics. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy, which study what is honesty. It answers the question What is?. American philosopher Wilfrid Sellars said that metaphysics is the study ofhow things hang together, and many early(a) philosopher have called it as the first philosophy. So, metaphysics study reality, what can be meaning of life, and if we can talk about the thing that dont exist.Why is Metaphysics important?Metaphysics is the heart of philosophy. Without a clarification or an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal with experience Metaphysics tells if the reality is absolute. It has a specific kind self-regulating of our thoughts or feelings. The world around us is real. Metaphysics is very I important to be study in class because it declares you think more and tells you what reality what should you know or believe that it true.What is Epistemology?Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It answers the question, How do we know? it can be concepts, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is describe how head is related to reality, and whether these relationships are usable or unacceptable.Why is Epistemology important?Epistemology is the clarification of how we think. It is unavoidable in order to be able to decide the true from the false. It is needed in order to use and find the knowledge of the world. Without epistemology, we could not think. We would not be able to distinguish truth from error. Epistemology is correct is the step to which we could understand reality. We all go to school to get some education which means knowledge is have knowledge you are a genius why not analyze in class this discipline and learned why do we need to know things why do they help to know more. How does knowledge make our lifes easier.What is aesthetics?Esthetics is the study of art, and beauty. It also, tells the meaning of art and the importance of art. Why is Aesth etics important? It is important to know what is Aesthetics because it is everywhere in everyday life. You see e person you will say is the person is beautiful or not, if so, what makes it beautiful. It makes you think more, and it also teach you how to judge art and beauty.What is social and Political Philosophy?Is the study of how people can regulate and organized their selves. Social philosophy talks about variety of subjects, from individual meanings to legality of laws. Political philosophy is the study of questions about the city, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law a legal code and explain how do they work.Why is Social and Political Philosophy Important?It is important to know about Social and Political Philosophy because the main point of a country that maintain regulation is politic such as law, rights, freedom every Canadian citizen should have knowledge on this topic and see how they affect people.What is the Philosophy of Science?The Philosophy of Science is the study of science and how science work and why do we need it to know it and explains what is science, it also tells if there is any science or there is just philosophy.Why Philosophy of Science is important?As we know since has changed people lifes and has make a better life for everyone, so it is important to know we came till here and what can we do for future to make it better, as we all use computers has been having a big affect in our lifes why not trying to know how it is important for us.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Positivism

Advantages and Dis returns of PositivismQ. Discuss the advantages, strengths, wrongs and flunkes of apositivist show up to the friendly scholarships.The profusion of use and multifariousness of meaning of the volume positiveness results in a need for any essay on the subject to first give its own precise definition for its use of the term, distinguishing its ill-tempered mise en scene from its use in saucy(prenominal) contexts. The term profitableness, first coined by the philosopher Auguste Comte in the nineteenth-century, was first origin on the wholey confined to the boundaries of philosophy and raw(a) skill by the present, the term has spread its meaning to cover field as diverse as law, political theory, the well-disposed sciences, philosophy and even literature. In all(prenominal) of these fields the dictionary definition of logical positivism as . . . a system recognizing all that which can be scientifically verified or logically proved, and on that pointfo re rejecting metaphysics and theism (Oxford, 1989 pp. 385-386) corpse broadly true of most of its uses, though it does little to reveal the subtle distinctions of use of the word positivism in each of these disciplines. For instance, legal positivism is . . . a view which, in contrast to the inseparable law view, claims that a legal system can be defined independently of evaluative terms or propositions is the view that in law (Hugh-J one and only(a)s, S. Laidlaw, J, 2000 p88) in literature positivism refers to a specific period of Polish literature where writers were inspired by the nascent achievements of science and technology and in philosophy the term logical positivism meant the scientific probe of the philosophy of language as in writers such as Wittgenstein. completely in all then, the term positivism has an umbrella use designated by the dictionary definition, but then has several further and more individualistic uses depending upon the context in which it appears.Pos itivism is the view that serious scientific inquiry should non searchfor ultimate causes deriving from more or less outside source but must(prenominal) confineitself to the study of relations existing among facts which are directlyaccessible to observation(Hugh-Jones, S. Laidlaw, J 2000 p.3)The definition of positivism chosen for use in this essay, its particular domain being the social sciences, is that stated above by Hugh-Jones and Laidlaw. According to this version of positivism, info gathered from sense perceptions is the only possible data that may be used as a foundation for knowledge and thought. Hence, all data and phenomena taken from beyond sense perceptions or the properties of observ qualified things is banished thuds a priori metaphysics and theology dismissed in toto. cognition alone sets the perimeters for man knowledge, and, concordly, positivism maintains the expectation that science will ultimately attain to solve all human problems. As such, a social s cientific definition of positivism regards the query of social scientists as identical in importance to that of indispensable scientists that is, social scientists, manage natural scientists, employ theories and explanations for phenomena, inferred from sense data for the purpose of social benefit. With respect to political science as a social science Popper therefrom says We sign the particular definition of one of the social sciences political science which tries to separate the subject from the values we apply to it, and argues that it is possible to develop value-free knowledge (Popper, 1983 p. 75). This quotation shows the period to which one particular social sciences use of the term positivism has mutated from its general umbrella use.For the purposes of this essay, positivism will be regarded as having quaternary essential characteristics (King, 1994 p. 204). (1) It is concrned with the search for the unification of scientific method, that is, with the notion that l ogic and inquiry are universal principles extending across all scientific domains. (2) That the ultimate end of scientific inquiry is to gives explanations of social phenomenon and to make predictions about their deportment as according to discernable laws of society. Thus positivism in the social sciences seeks also to develop a general law of social understanding, by discovering necessary and sufficient conditions for any phenomenon. (3) Positivism maintains that social scientific knowledge must always be subject to proof through empirical experiment. All subjects of reaseach and investigation in the social sciences should be based upon observations derived from sense-perceptions. (4) Social sciences must seek to free themselves of value-judgements as far as possible, and of moral, political, and religion ideas that might contaminate their research. Thus, in short social sciences must seek to dicover universal conditions behind social phenomenaall social scientific empirical stat ements must be asolute truthes which are true at all times and true in all places finally, research can proved only by empirical experimentation.In There Is More Than One Way To Do Political Science marshland Smith (2001), while debating whether the social sciences might legitimately prepare both a positivist and realist approach to science, argue that one of the principal strengths of positivism is that it is foundationalist that is . . . in ontological terms it argues that there is a real origination out there, that it is independent of an agents knowledge of it and that . . . it is possible, using the proper research methods for an observer to discover these real relationships between social phenomenon (Marsh Smith, 2001 p. 529). Thus the great strength and advantage of a positivist approach to the social sciences is that it grounds anthropology, sociology, political science and so on upon a hard and definite foundation of empirically testable data, and makes theories out of this data from which absolute laws of social behaviour may be attained. A second distinct advantage then of positivism is that it permits an analysis of the causal relationships between phenomena. Positivism thus allows the social sciences to make certain predictions about the phenomenal world. Thus Dowding states . . . all good political scientists produce models with definite predictions . . . which they can then test one way or another against data gathered from the actual world (Dowding, 2001 p. 92). A chief strength then of a positivistic approach, is that it suffers to the social sciences the desire to emulate the excellence of the natural sciences in respect of their rigorous experimentation, incisively stated hypotheses, definite laws, and thus prediction of behaviour. By approaching its investigations thus, social scientists attain a high level of accuracy in their results and in their predictions, and thus come closer to a total description of the behaviour of social phenomenon. By approaching the social sciences from a positivist position, social scientists are able to cut away from existing knowledge many prejudices, suppositions, superstitions and other non-scientific opinions that have gathered about these social phenomena (Marsh Smith, 2001). In other words, positivism, by declaring valid only those things which conform to its vigorous standards of investigation, strips social phenomenon of their perceived nature and reveals them as they really are.A second key advantage of taking a positivist approach to the social sciences is that such a move solidly roots the social sciences in the accomplishments of the natural sciences over the past four hundred years. Early positivists alike(p) Comte, Spencer and Saint-Simon understood their theory and work as something growing directly out of the experimental and theoretical achievements of the great natural scientists like Newton, Spinoza, Darwin and others. Comte knew that the natural sciences and natural scientists, were fundamentally positivist that is, they appealed to the perception and measurement of objective sense-data from which to make experiments, analyze results and make theory, predictions and laws. Comte and the other early positivists thus understood their work as an act of do explicit the theory which natural scientists had adhered to for centuries. When, in the twentieth-century, social positivists like Ernst Laas, Friedrich Jodl and Eugen Duhring began to establish the theoretical and experimental parameters of the social sciences, they also understood their work as a branch of the natural sciences and as a continuation of its discoveries. Anthropologists, sociologists, social scientists of the early twentieth-century faced a choice they could orientate their subjects within the sphere of natural science and its immense harvest of the past twain decades, or they could orientate it in the sphere of theology and the liberal arts which had dominated all hu man memoir before the advent of natural science. Laas, Jodl, Duhring and later Marsh, Smith and others have all agreed that the social sciences must be built upon the platform established by the natural sciences. These sciences have been the predominant intellectual authority for Western Europe for nearly four hundred years, and social scientists think that the positivist approach to the natural sciences offers greater objectivity, certainty of prediction, and deeper insight into their subjects than could achieved by any other method of inquiry.Further, the allegiance of the social sciences to the natural sciences, through a shared conviction in the positivist philosophy, means that the social sciences can constantly draw upon the fund of new empirical stuff and nonsense daily unearthed by these natural sciences. In other words if the social sciences have an exchange of knowledge between themselves and the natural sciences, then every refinement of experimental method, theory, or analysis achieved by the natural sciences may be immediately seized upon and utilized by the social sciences also. And, vice-versa, this interchange allows the social sciences to more freely disseminate their discoveries within the world of the natural sciences. Moreover, by sharing a positivist philosophy with the natural sciences, the social sciences may draw from its authority in the presentation of their results to the wider scientific and academic community. That is, the employment of positivism by the social sciences, dispels and neutralizes the accusations from some quarters of the scientific and outside world, for instance those of Karl Popper, that such sciences are pseudo-sciences. This claim can hold no weight if it is seen that the natural and social sciences share alike the same methodology and principles of operation. Nonetheless, it should be made clear that whilst the social sciences derive authority and knowledge from the natural sciences, that they do not depend up on it exclusively for authority. Indeed, the social sciences have made their own refinements to positivism, and thus their methods of experimentation and analysis, quite independently of those achieved in the natural sciences. The social sciences have adapted the positivism they received from the social sciences to conform to their own empirical hooey and the idiosyncratic and diverse domains encountered in societies and the human world. In short, the social sciences have moulded positivism to the world of empirical human affairs, thus entering a territory that the natural sciences had previously not trodden.Historically, perhaps the greatest impuissance and hence disadvantage of positivism generally, and with respect to the social sciences in particular, has been its insistence upon methodological absoluteness. Since the time of positivisms foundation in the philosophy of Auguste Comte, positivists have persistently desire to use its scientific methods to explain every conceivable aspect of social phenomenon that is, they have wanted to observe an object in its totality, tracing its entire phenomenological casuistry, its material composition, and thus produce a absolute theory of knowledge about that phenomenon. According to this scientific philosophy positivism must produce absolute laws to define the behaviour and nature of phenomenal objects. The naivety of this search for the perfection of methodology and absoluteness of social scientific laws was exposed in the second half of the twentieth century, firstly by the advent of post-modernism (Popper, 1989 p.109-128), which showed the epistemological difficulties impossibilities? of extending science to such extreme levels secondly, positivisms applicability in all instances was increasingly undermined by the new theories of social scientists themselves. The various discoveries of anthropology, sociology, political science and other social sciences led researchers to an ever clearer conclusion the phenome na of social science are far too in advance(p) and involve the intimate interaction of too many separate objects, people and fermentes to be scientifically observed in their totality.Sociologists for instance, in their investigations into the mechanisms of the smallest of social units, the family, soon agnise that no absolute and all-encompassing laws could be applied to the behaviour of these units (Gerrad, 1969 pp. 201-212) the great complexity coming from the need for the axioms and paradigms which are true of one family unit must, according to pure positivism, be shown to be true of all family units in all places and at all times. Pure positivism states that the laws of social science are of the same type and significance as the laws of physics, biology and chemistry but for these laws to attain this equality, the laws of social science must be easily expressible and as purely testable as those of the natural sciences. The difficulty of attaining such equality is easily demo nstrated by Gerrards (Gerrard, 1969) experiments, where he discusses the complexity of social issues involved in a four member family unit in America, and then postulates the near impossibility of scientifically demonstrating that family units in Northern France, in Thailand, in Hawaii and in all other places can be shown to obey the same exact rules as those affecting the family in America. Thus social scientists from the 1950s onwards, confronted with the sheer vastness of ethnic, racial and community diversity, began to question the possibility of producing social laws that would be universally and ubiquitously binding. And in 2006 when even natural scientists have no certainties even about the exact behaviour and nature of a single atom how can social scientists hope to prove laws for something as complex as a city?Another weakness of extreme positivism has been its inability to accurately prove its hypotheses through empirical experiments (Popper, 1983 p. 12 also Dowding, 1995 p. 138). Whereas experimentation in the natural sciences usually involves the investigation of breathless or relatively simple objects such as metals, stars, chemicals and so, these having the same properties constantly, in contrast, social phenomenon people, communities, organizations etc., are animate and are compositions of vast complexly intertwining feelings, emotions, thoughts, volitions, passions, motives, associations and so on. Thus, to approach a social experiment, a social scientist has to be sure that he can separate the single mental or behavioural element, say a criminal tendency that he wants to investigate, and then to exclude or control the influence of the other mental and social factors that will otherwise affect the accuracy of the experiment. In many instances such exclusion is nearly impossible to the degree of purity demanded by extreme positivists a human being cannot be dedicate in a test-tube or a vacuum and so shielded from external influences in the way that magnesium or atoms can. Thus social scientists have become ever more conscious that a major limitation of the positivist approach in respect to their discipline is its insistence upon perfect conditions for experimentation and for the accuracy of hypotheses and predictions (Dowding, 1995).Further, other discoveries in the social sciences have begun to place an ever greater emphasis upon the life of the individual and upon subjective experiences as vital factors in the constituency of societies (Marsh Furlong, 2002). The hermeneutic or interpretive approach has come to assume ever greater importance within the social sciences, setting up for itself an area of investigation of phenomenon quite different from positivism, and therefore undermining the legitimacy of positivisms claims to describe the totality of social phenomenon. Positivism is, according to this view, the outcome of a particular close and particular history (Western European) what legitimacy then does it hav e to proclaim its results as of universal validity, as it must, to meet its own standards of scientific investigation? Moreover, social scientists themselves bring to their experiments their own subjective experiences, their own thoughts, volitions, prejudices etc., and these all affect experimentation and thus the security of results just as surely do these things in the subjects of analysis. Thus David Marsh and Martin Smith have stated, in their powerful metaphor derived from Marshs earlier article, that In the social sciences . . . subjective ontological and epistemological positions should not be treated like a pullover that can be put on when we are addressing such philosophical issues and taken off when we are doing research (Marsh Smith, 2005 p.531). That is, they should not be treated as a pullover, as temporary measure, as they have been by positivists to date.In the final analysis, it seems clear that neither the extreme positivism once advocated in the wake of Auguste Comtes first philosophical writings, nor extreme anti-positivism nor anti-foundationalist positions as have recently been taken by some hermeneutists and realists, can lead to significant future progress in the social sciences. The chief strength and advantage of a positivist approach is the vigorous process of setting hypotheses, of empirical experimentation to test these hypotheses, of deep analysis to measure the results, and then the ability to codify the results in a set of laws and predictions. Claiming for themselves, in this sense, a parallel certainty of laws and predictions as and laws demanded by the natural sciences, positivism reveals to the social sciences phenomenal objects as they really are as they are when stripped of superstitions, fraudulent theories, prejudice and so on. Positivism demands a definite residue of facts and truths that are universally applicable to social groups and communities irregardless of time, place or environment. In essay so vigorously f or such ideals, positivism gives the social sciences a high degree of authority and respectability within the wider scientific and academic community as a whole. Further, a positivist approach in the social sciences affords a ready means of comparison and exchange of knowledge between other disciplines such law, philosophy, literature and so that employ positivism also. Indeed, in seminal respects, such is the importance of positivism for the social sciences that it is difficult to see how they could justify being sciences without it.The two principal disadvantages of a positivist application to the social sciences are these firstly, that its search for ideal and perfect standards of scientific methodology and analysis are too chimerical when set beside the extreme complexity of social phenomenon the second weakness, is positivisms lack of empathy and consideration of the subjective, individual and hermeneutic aspects of social phenomenon. Dealing with the first objection, critics of positivism argue that it cannot working as it does in the outside world, in cities and in companies, in villages and mass organizations attain the same standards of empirical excellence, either in experimentation or in verification of results, as can natural scientists working in the controlled conditions of a laboratory and deriving principles mostly from inanimate matter of slighter sophistication than human beings. Moreover, social scientists have a nearly insuperable difficulty in codifying laws of social phenomena with the precision that physics or chemistry allow for material phenomena. Thus positivism in the social sciences attains a lower level of prediction and accuracy with respect to the phenomenon it observes, than do the natural sciences. The second major weakness of a positivist application is its failure to take sufficient account of the subjectivity of individual life and to interpret the meaning of that phenomenon for the subject and the community of the subje ct. On these matters positivism has nearly nothing to say, and thus it is barred from a whole hemisphere of human social experience.As the first sentence of this conclusion suggested neither an extreme positivist not an extreme subjective or hermeneutic attitude can dominate the future of the social sciences. Rather, social scientists must scam to join positivism with subjectivism, thus fusing the two halves of social phenomenal experience. If positivism can be brought into union with the subjective in the social sciences, and if positivists can diddle to tolerate something less than perfection in their methodological approach, then positivism must still be said to have a large constituent to make to the future of social science. In might be said then, in our final words, that positivism is simultaneously an advantage and disadvantage for the social sciences whether one or other of these qualities is dominant remains to be seen.BIBLIOGRAPHY Dowding, K. (2001). There Must Be An En d To Confusion Policy Networks, Intellectual Fatigue, and the Need for Political Science Methods Courses in British Universities, in Political Studies, Vol 1., pp. 89-105. Dowding, K. (1995). Model or Metaphor? A Critical Review of the Policy of Network Approach. Political Studies, Vol. 45, Issue. 1, pp. 136-158. Green, D. P. Shapiro, I. (1994). Pathologies of Rational quality Theory A Critique of Applications in Political Science, pp. 89-95. New Haven, London. Gerrard, James. (1969). The Sociology of the Family, pp. 303-316. Ford Press,Pittsburgh. King, G. (et al.). (1994). Designing Social Enquiry Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, pp 201-208. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Hugh-Jones, Steven Laidlaw, James. (2000). The substantive Edmund Leach,p163. New Haven, London. Marsh, David Smith, Martin. (2001). There Is More Than One Way To Do Social Science On Different Ways To Study Political Networks in spate 49,Number 3, pp. 528-541. Marsh, David Furlong, Paul. (2002). A Skin Not a Sweater Ontology and Epistemology in Political Science in Marsh, David and Stoker, Jerry (Eds.).Epistemology in Political Science, pp. 17-41. Palgrave, Basingstoke. Popper, Karl R. (1983). Realism and the Aim of Science, pp 1-13. Routledge,London. Popper, Karl R. (1989). Conjectures and Refutations the egress of Scientific Knowledge, 69-76. Routledge, London. Quirk, Randolph (et al.) (Eds.). (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford.